Table of contents
The World's Constitutions -
About the Collection
The collection of national constitutions included on Linnaeus.world was originally published on Constituteproject.org (Constitute) by researchers with the Comparative Constitutions Project at the University of Texas and the University of Chicago. In fact, Constitute is the inspiration for the expanded set of collections included here. If you want to venture more deeply, visit http://Constituteproject.org for more constitutions, more information, and more features.
Why Constitute
New constitutions are written every year. The people who write these important documents need to read and analyze texts from other places. And citizens should need to know, and to be able to understand, what’s in their countries’ foundational documents. Constitute offers access to the world’s constitutions so that users can systematically compare them across a broad set of topics.
Which Constitutions are included?
This collection includes the currently-in-force constitution for nearly every independent state in the world circa 2026. Again, see more on Constitute . We periodically update the in-force texts as they are amended or replaced. Other languages and constitutions are supported on Constitute itself. For example. Arabic Constitute and Spanish Constitute each include approximately 50 currently-in-force constitutions, representing every region in the world, as well as some draft and historical texts.
Use of Data
Except for material identified as copyrighted by other parties, the constitutional content on Linnaeus.world is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 Unported License (which allows you to make free use of information from the site for noncommercial purposes). An appropriate citation for material on the site would be:
Elkins, Zachary and Tom Ginsburg. 2026. Constitute: The World’s Constitutions to Read, Search, and Compare . Published online at linnaeus.world and constituteproject.org. DOI:
Attribution and Acknowledgments
Constitute is a product of the Comparative Constitutions Project at the University of Texas at Austin and the University of Chicago, directed by Zachary Elkins and Tom Ginsburg. It was originally seeded with a grant from Google Ideas (now Jigsaw), with additional financial support from the Indigo Trust and IC2. Arabic Constitute was developed in partnership with International IDEA, which provided significant intellectual and material support. Constitute en Español was developed in partnership with the University of Los Andes in Bogotá, Colombia, which provided translation services and intellectual guidance. Site architecture, engineering, and design are provided by Psycle Interactive.
The following organizations have made important investments in the Comparative Constitutions Project since 2005: the National Science Foundation (SES 0648288, IIS 1018554), the Cline Center for Advanced Social Research (formerly the Cline Center for Democracy), the United States Institute of Peace, the University of Texas, the University of Chicago, and the Constitution Unit at University College London.
William S. Hein and Company and the Oxford University Press have provided certain materials from their online collections of constitutional texts. We encourage interested users to explore their products at HeinOnline and Oxford Constitutions of the World. Much of the translated constitutional text on Arabic Constitute has been provided by International IDEA, in partnership with the Constitute team. For more information on these data and other ways to interact with it, visit the website of the Comparative Constitutions Project.
Any inquiries should be addressed to constitute.project@gmail.com.